the analysis of google translate

PAGESOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGE
( GOOGLE TRANSLATION )REVISED
1
These are the things i know are true
Ini adalah hal yang saya tahu adalah benarInilah hal-hal benar yang aku tahu
Analysis
The phrase “the things” has plural meaning. And it becomes “hal-hal” in Indonesian language. Google translation couldn’t find the difference between singular and plural phrase.

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISED
My name is LuLing Liu Young
Nama saya LuLing Liu Muda
Namaku LuLing Liu Young
Analysis
The word “Young” is a name, so it doesn’t necessary to translate the word “Young” into Indonesian.


PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISED
The names of my husbands were Pan Kai Jing and Edwin Young, both of them dead and our secrets gone with them.
Nama-nama suami saya adalah Pan Kai Jing dan Edwin Young, keduanya mati dan rahasia kami pergi dengan mereka.Suami-suamiku bernama Pan Kai Jing dan Edwin Young, keduanya sudah meninggal dan rahasia kami pergi bersama mereka.
Analysis
In this sentence, Google translation translates word “dead” becomes “mati” in Indonesian. In Indonesian, die must be translated into “meninggal” for a person because “mati” only for an animal.

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISED
My daughter is Ruth Luyi Young.Putri saya adalah Ruth Luyi Young.Putriku bernama Ruth Luyi Young
Analysis
This sentence contains a daughter’s name. It doesn’t need word “adalah” in Indonesia. The right one is “bernama.”

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISEDShe was born in a Water Dragon Year and I in a Fire Dragon Year.
Ia dilahirkan di Tahun Naga Air dan Aku di dalam Api Tahun Naga.Dia lahir di Tahun Naga dan Aku lahir di Tahun Naga Air.
Analysis
The sentence “She was born” is translated “Dia lahir” in Indonesia. It doesn’t need affix “di” and suffix “kan”

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISED
So we are the same but for opposite reasonJadi kita sama tapi untuk alasan yang berlawanan
No analysis



PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISEDI know all this, yet there is one name i cannot remember.
Aku tahu semua ini, namun ada satu nama saya tidak ingat.Aku tahu semua ini, tapi ada sebuah nama yang tidak kuingat.
Analysis
The sentence “there is one name I cannot remember” is translated “ada sebuah  nama yang tidak kuingat” in Indonesia. We add “yang” to explain the name that cannot remember.

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISEDIt is there in the oldest layer of my memory, and i cannot dig it out
Hal ini ada di lapisan tertua dari ingatan saya, dan saya tidak bisa menggalinya keluarItu ada di ingatanku yang terdalam, dan aku tak bisa mengingatnya.



Analysis
In this sentence, the word “layer” means “lapisan” in Indonesia, but in this context it is not match. The right one is “ingatan.” The phrase “cannot dig it out” means “tidak bisa menggali” in Indonesia. It is also not match in this context. The right one is “tak bisa mengingatnya.” Because it is more easy to be understood.


PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISEDA hundred times i have gone over that morning when Precious Auntie wrote it down. I could count. I could read. I had a memory for everything.
Seratus kali saya pergi lebih pagi itu ketika Bibi Tersayang menuliskannya. Aku bisa menghitung. Aku bisa membaca. Aku punya memori untuk segalanya.Berkali-kali aku pergi lebih pagi ketika Bibi tercinta menulisnya. I could count. I could read.
Analysis :
The suffix “-nya” on the word “menuliskannya” doesn’t have a new meaning but showing something that is being worked on.


PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISEDI was only six then, but very smartAku hanya enam itu, tapi sangat cerdasAku masih berusia enam tahun, tapi sangat cerdas.
Analysis
The word “itu” in Google translation is quite strange. Because it translates word by word and doesn’t look the context. So, the word “itu” it doesn’t needed.

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISEDI could countAku bisa menghitung
No analysis

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISEDI could readSaya bisa membacaPAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISEDI had a memory for everything, and here is my memory of that winter morning.
Aku punya memori untuk segala sesuatu, dan di sini adalah kenangan saya yang dingin pagi.Aku mengingat segalanya, dan ini adalah kenanganku di pagi hari saat musim dingin.
Analysis
In this sentence, the correct Indonesian translation for the sentence “I had memory for everything” is “aku mengingat segalanya”. And the sentence “saya yang dingin pagi” is too strange. Because it translated by google word by word so it doesn’t sound natural.

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISEDI was sleepy, still lying on the brick k’ang bed i shared with Precious Auntie.
Saya mengantuk, masih berbaring di tempat tidur K'ang bata saya berbagi dengan Bibi Tersayang.Aku mengantuk dan masih berbaring di kasur K’ang yang keras yang aku bagi dengan Bibi tercinta.


Analysis
The sentence “on the brick K’ang bed” is an analogy to explain K’ang bed which feels like a stone. And the right translation is “ di kasur K’ang yang keras.” Because Google translation doesn’t understand analogy or idiom.

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISED
The flue to our little room was furthest from the stove in the common room, and the bricks beneath me had long turned cold.
Buang ke kamar kecil kami adalah terjauh dari kompor di common room, dan batu bata di bawah saya sudah lama berubah dingin.
No analysis

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISED Felt my shoulder being shaken.
Merasa bahu saya sedang terguncang.Bahuku merasa terguncang

Analysis
The word “being” is a process that something occurs. And it doesn’t need word “sedang” if you translate it (being).

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISED
When i opened my eyes, Precious Auntie began to write on a scrap of paper, then showed me what she had written.Ketika saya membuka mata saya, Bibi Tersayang mulai menulis pada secarik kertas, kemudian menunjukkan apa yang telah ditulisnya.
No analysis

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISED‘i can’t see,’ i complained. "Saya tidak bisa melihat," aku  mengeluh.“aku tidak bisa melihat,” keluhku
No analysis

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISED
‘it’s too dark.’"Itu terlalu gelap. '“terlalu gelap.”
Analysisis
The words “it is” are translated “itu adalah” in Indonesian. In this context, those words “it’s” don’t have to be translated. So, the Indonesian of “it’s too dark” is just “terlalu gelap.”

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISED
She huffed, set the paper on the low cupboard, and motioned that i should get up.Dia mendengus, mengatur kertas di lemari rendah, dan memberi isyarat bahwa saya harus bangun.Dia pun marah, mengumpulkan kertas di lemari bagian bawah, dan member isyarat bahwa aku harus bangun.


Analysis
The phrase “the low cupboard” is translated “ di lemari rendah” in Google Translation. It is quite strange because Google translation translates word by word and it doesn’t sound natural. The right one is “di lemari bagian bawah.”


PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISED
She lighted the teapot brazier and tied a scarf over her nose and mouth when it started to smoke.Dia menyalakan tungku teko dan diikat syal menutupi hidung dan mulutnya ketika mulai merokok.Dia menyalakan tungku teko and melilitkan sehelai kain di seluruh hidung dan mulutnya ketika teko itu mulai mengeluarkan asap.
Analysis
The sentence “when it started to smoke.” Is translated “ ketika mulai merokok,” in Indonesian. It is the correct translation, but in this sentence, something that produces smoke is a teapot. It is quite strange if teapot “merokok” in Indonesian. The right one is “ketika (teko) itu mulai mengeluarkan asap.


PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISED
She poured face-washing water into the teapot’s chamber, and when right cheek was stiff as leather, the left was moist and soft.
Dia menuangkan air cuci muka ke dalam kamar teko, dan ketika pipi kanan adalah kaku seperti kulit, kiri itu basah dan lembut.Dia menuangkan air untuk mencuci muka ke dalam teko, dan saat pipi sebelah kanannya kaku seperti jaket kulit, pipi sebelah kirinya basah dan lembut.
Analysis
The phrase “teapot’s chamber” is “kamar teko” in Indonesian word by word translation. But, in this context it doesn’t sound natural to use “kamar teko” to translate it. The correct answer for this, is “ke dalam teko.” Because teapot’s chamber means, the part of teapot that is fulfilled by water.

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISED3Where the gums had burned, the teeth had fallen out
Dimana gusi telah membakar, gigi telah jatuhDi mana gusi telah terbakar, gigi sudah tanggal.

Analysis
The sentence “the teeth  had fallen out” is translated “gigi telah jatuh” in Google translation. It doesn’t sound natural for the reader, so the correct translation is “gigi sudah tanggal.” And the sentence “gums had burned” is a passive voice, so the word “burned” is translated into “terbakar” not “membakar”.

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISED And her tounge was like a parched root.Dan lidah nya seperti akar kering.
No analysis

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISED
She could not taste the pleasures of life: salty and bitter, sour and sharp, spicy, sweet, and fat.Dia tidak bisa merasakan kesenangan hidup: asin dan pahit, asam dan tajam, pedas, manis, dan lemak.Dia tidak dapat menikmati kenikmatan hidup : pahit dan asin, manis dan asam, pedas, manis dan berlemak.
Analysis
Google translation translates the word “taste” into “merasakan”. It doesn’t sound natural. So to make the reader understand, the word “taste” is translated into “menikmati”.


PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISED
No one else understood Precious Auntie’s kind of talk, so i had to say aloud what she meant.
Tidak ada orang lain memahami jenis Tersayang Bibi bicara, jadi saya harus mengatakan dengan keras apa maksudnya.Tak ada satu pun yang mengerti apa yang dikatakan Bibi Tercinta, jadi aku harus mengatakan dengan keras apa yang dia maksud.
Analysis
In this page, the sentence “no one else understood” is translated “tidak ada orang lain memahami” in Google translation. It doesn’t sound natural and it doesn’t sound clear for the reader to understand the context so the correct translation is “tak ada satu pun yang mengerti” we add “yang” in this sentence to show the condition of people.


PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISED
Not everything, though, not our secret stories.
Tidak semuanya, meskipun, tidak cerita rahasia kami.Tidak semuanya, meskipun, bukan kisah-kisah rahasia kami.

Analysis
In this page the sentence “not our secret stories” is translated “tidak cerita rahasia kami” in Google translation. It doesn’t sound natural and clearer for the reader, so the correct answer is “bukan kisah-kisah rahasia kami.” The word “stories” has plural meaning, so it translates “kisah-kisah” in Indonesian language cause google can’t define plural and singular.

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISED
She often told me about her father, the Famous Bonesetter from the Mouth of the Mountain, about the cave where they foundthe dragon bones, how the bones where divine, and could cure any pain, except a grieving heart: ‘Tell me Again,’ i said that morning, wishing for a story about how she burned her face and became my nursemaid.
Dia sering bercerita tentang ayahnya, Terkenal Bonesetter dari Mulut Gunung, tentang gua di mana mereka foundthe tulang naga, bagaimana tulang di mana ilahi, dan bisa menyembuhkan rasa sakit, kecuali hati berduka: "Ceritakan lagi, 'saya katakan pagi itu, berharap untuk sebuah cerita tentang bagaimana dia membakar wajahnya dan menjadi pengasuh saya.Dia sering bercerita tentang ayahnya yang terkenal, sang Penemu tulang dari Kawah Gunung, tentang gua di mana mereka menemukan tulang belulang seekor naga, bagaimana tulang itu dikeramatkan, dan dapat menyembuhkan segala macam penyakit, kecuali hati yang sedang sedih. “Ceritakan lagi,” kataku pagi itu, mengharapkan sebauh cerita tentang bagaimana dia membakar wajahnya dan menjadi pengasuhnya.
Analysis
The word “divine” is something that has connection to God or something that is sacred. In this sentence Google translation translates it word by word and makes it is not easy to understand.

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISEDI was a fire-eater, she said with her hands and eyes.
Aku adalah api pemakan, katanya dengan tangan dan matanya.Aku adalah pelahap api, katanya dengan tangan dan matanya.


Analysis
The phrase “fire-eater” is translated “api pemakan” in Google translation. It doesn’t sound clear, so the correct answer is “pelahap api.”

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISED
Hundreds of people came to see me in the market square.
Ratusan orang datang menemui saya di alun-alun pasar.
No analysis

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISED
Into the burning pot of my mouth, i dropped my raw pork, added chilies and bean paste, stirred this up, then offered the morsels to people to taste.
Ke dalam panci membakar mulut saya, saya menjatuhkan daging babi mentah saya, menambahkan cabai dan pasta kacang, diaduk hal ini, kemudian menawarkan potongan kepada orang-orang untuk mencicipi.Di dalam mulutku yang menyala, aku memasukkan daging babi, cabai dan pasta kacang, mengaduknya, kemudian menawarkannya ke orang-orang untuk dicicipi.Analysis
Google translation can’t differentiate the phrase, word that has plural or singular meaning. The phrase “stirred this up” is translated “diaduk hal ini” is quite strange. The right one is “mengaduknya.”

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISED
If they said, ‘Delicious!’ i opened my mouth as a purse to catch their copper coins.
Jika mereka berkata, 'Delicious!' I membuka mulut saya sebagai tas untuk menangkap koin tembaga mereka.Jika mereka berkata ‘lezat!’ aku membuka mulutku sebagai tempat untuk menampung uang logam mereka.
Analysis
The word “purse” is translated “tas” in Google translate. In this sentence, “purse” means a place to save people’s coins.

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISED
One day, however, i ate the fire, and the fire came back, and it ate me.
Suatu hari, namun, saya makan api, dan api itu kembali, dan itu makan saya.Suatu hari, walaupun, saya memakan api, dan api itu kembali, dan membakarku.Analysis
The word “ate” in this sentence means “memakan” in Indonesia. But if the fire ate, it becomes “api membakar” in Indonesia.

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISED
After that,  i decided not to be a cook-pot anymore, so i became your nursemaid instead.
Setelah itu, saya memutuskan untuk tidak menjadi-pot masak lagi, jadi saya menjadi pengasuh Anda sebagai gantinya.
No analysis

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISEDI laughed and clapped my hands, liking this made-up story best.
Aku tertawa dan bertepuk tangan, menyukai ths cerita yang dibuat-buat yang terbaik.Aku tertawa dan bertepuk tangan, menyukai cerita karangan terbaik itu.

Analysis
The phrase “liking this made up best story” is translated “menyukai cerita yang dibuat-buat yang terbaik” in Google translation. It doesn’t sound natural and clear for the reader to understand the meaning of these word so the translator translate it into “menyukai cerita karangan terbaik itu.”

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISED
The day before, she told me she had stared at an unlucky star falling out of the sky and then it dropped into her open mouth and burned her face.
Sehari sebelumnya, dia bilang dia telah menatap sebuah bintang sial jatuh dari langit dan kemudian jatuh ke mulutnya yang terbuka dan membakar wajahnya.Sehari sebelumnya, dia bilang dia telah menatap bintang jatuh dari langit dan kemudian bintang itu jatuh ke mulutnya yang terbuka dan membakar wajahnya.
Analysis
It doesn’t necessary to translate the word “unlucky”, because it will make unnatural meaning.



PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISED
The day before that,  she said she had eaten what she thought was a spicy Hunan dish only to find that it was the coals used for cooking.
Sehari sebelum itu, dia bilang dia makan apa yang dia pikir adalah Hunan hidangan yang pedas hanya untuk menemukan bahwa itu adalah bara yang digunakan untuk memasak.Sehari sebelumnya, dia berkata bahwa dia telah memakan apa yang dia anggap makanan yang pedas hanya saja itu adalah bara yang digunakan untuk memasak.
Analysis
The phrase “only to find” is translated “hanya untuk menemukan” in Google translation. It doesn’t sound natural and clear for the reader, so the translator translates it into “hanya saja.”

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISED
No more stories, Precious Auntie now told me, her hands talking fast.
Tidak ada lagi cerita, Bibi Tersayang sekarang mengatakan kepada saya, tangannya berbicara cepat.Tidak ada cerita lagi, Bibi Tercinta mengatakan kepadaku sekarang, tangannya sibuk mengerjakan sesuatu.

Analysis
The phrase “her hands talking fast” is translated “tangannya bergerak cepat” in Google translation. It doesn’t sound natural and clear for the reader to understand the meaning, so the translator translates it into“tangannya sibuk mengerjakan sesuatu” because it is an idiomatic translation. Idiomatic translation is a translation that can’t be explained by word by word translation.

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISED
It’s almost time for breakfast, and we must pray while we’re still hungry.
Sudah hampir waktunya untuk sarapan, dan kita harus berdoa sementara kita masih lapar.
No analysis

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISED
She retrieved the scarp of paper from the cupboard, folded it in half, and tucked it into the lining of her shoe.
Ia mengambil kembali scarp kertas dari lemari, melipatnya menjadi dua, dan terselip ke dalam lapisan sepatunya.Dia mengambil kembali beberapa kertas dari lemari, melipatnya, dan menyelipkannya ke dalam sepatunya.Analysis
The word “scarp” means “lereng” in Indonesia. But in this context, “scrap” is translated into “beberapa”.

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISED
We put on our  padded winter clothes and walked into the cold corridor.Kami mengenakan pakaian musim dingin empuk kami dan berjalan ke koridor dingin.Kami mengenakan pakaian musim dingin kami yang tebal dan berjalan menuju koridor yang dingin.
Analysis
The word “padded” means “berlapis” in Indonesia. That is an adjective word. Adjective is a word that explains word after that adjective word itself.

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISED
The air smelled of coal fires in other wings of the compound.
Udara berbau kebakaran batubara di sayap lain senyawa.Di sisi lain udaranya berbau batubara yang dibakar.
Analysis
The phrase “in other wings” is translated “di sayap lain” in Google translation. It doesn’t sound clear for the reader to understand so the translator translates it into one is “di sisi lain” because it explains another rooms in that corridor that smell like burned coal.

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISEDI saw Old Cook pumping his arm to turn the crank over the well.Aku melihat Old Masak memompa lengannya untuk memutar engkol lebih baik.
Aku melihat Old Cook memompa lengannya untuk memutar engkol sebuah perkakas.
Analysis
The phrase “over the well” is translated “engkol lebih baik” in Google translation. It doesn’t clear for the reader to understand the meaning from the context, so the translator translates it into “sebuah perkakas.”

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISEDI heard a tenant yelling at her lazy daughter in law.
Aku mendengar penyewa berteriak pada anak malas mertuanya.Aku mendengar seorang penyewa berteriak kepada menantu perempuannya yang malas.Analysis
The phrase “her lazy daughter in law” is translated “anak malas mertuanya” in Google translation. It doesn’t clear for the reader to understand the meaning from the context, so the translator translates it into “menantu perempuannya yang malas.”

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISEDI passed the room that my sister, GaoLing, shared with Mother, the two of them still asleep.
Aku melewati ruang yang adikku, GaoLing, bersama dengan Ibu, mereka berdua masih tertidur.Aku melewati ruangan adikku, GaoLing, yang ditempati berdua ibu, mereka berdua masih tertidur.

Analysis
The phrase “shared with mother” means “yang ditempati berdua ibu.” And the sentence “I passed the room that my sister, GaoLing” means “Aku melewati ruangan adikku, GaoLing” because it explains the room that belongs to GaoLing.

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISED
We hurried to the south-facing small room, to the daed.
Kami bergegas ke ruangan kecil yang menghadap ke selatan, ke daed tersebut.Kami bergegas ke ruangan kecil yang menghadap ke selatan, ke arah daed.
No analysis

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISED
5Instead, from the shoe’s lining, she took out the scarp of paper with the writting she had showed me earlier.
Sebaliknya, dari lapisan sepatu, dia mengeluarkan scarp kertas dengan writting dia telah menunjukkan kepada saya sebelumnya.Malahan, dari lapisan sepatunya, dia mengeluarkan lembaran kertas dengan tulisan yang telah dia tunjukkan kepadaku sebelumnya.
Analysis
In this page, Google Translation can’t translate the word “writing”. The word “writing” is a gerund. Gerund is a noun word that is added by suffix –ing.

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISED
She nodded toward me and said with her hands: My family name, the name of all the bonesetters.Dia mengangguk ke arah saya dan berkata dengan tangan: nama keluarga saya, nama semua bonesetters.Dia mengangguk ke arahku dan berkata dengan tangannya: nama keluargaku, nama dari semua bonesetters.
No analysis

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISED
She put the paper name in front of my face again and said, never forget this name, then placed it carefully on the altar.
Dia meletakkan nama kertas di depan wajah saya lagi dan berkata, tidak pernah lupa nama ini, kemudian ditempatkan dengan hati-hati di atas mezbah.Dia meletakkan  nama kertas di depan wajahku lagi dan berkata, tidak pernah lupa nama ini, kemudian ditempatkan dengan hati-hati di atas altar.
No analysis

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISED
We bowed and rose, bowed and rose.Kami membungkuk dan bangkit, membungkuk dan bangkit.
No analysis

PAGE NUMBERSOURCE LANGUAGETARGET LANGUAGEREVISED
Each time my head bobbed up, i looked at the name.
Setiap kali kepalaku nongol up, saya melihat nama.Setiap kali kepalaku ke atas, aku melihat nama.
Analysis
The phrase “bobbed up” is translated “nongol up” in Google translation. It is quite strange because it uses word by word translation. The right one is “ke atas.”


Nina Fitria
14610994
4 SA 02

Hipotesa

Teori Penguasaan Bahasa Mengikuti 5 hipotesa yang meringkas teori pada penguasaan bahasa. (Untuk teknis diskusi dan keterangan pembantu, Krashen 1994, 2004.) Hipotesa Pembelajaran Penguasaan Kita memiliki dua cara yang sangat berbeda dalam mengembangkan keahlian bahasa asing. Kita dapat memperoleh bahasa dan dapat mempelajarinya. Penguasaan bahasa asing terjadi secara tidak disadari. Saat itu terjadi, kita tidak sadar kalau itu sedang terjadi. Kita pikir kita sedang melakukan sebuah percakapan, membaca buku, menonton film. Tentu saja, tapi pada saat yang bersamaan kita dapat memperoleh sebuah penguasaan bahasa. Juga pada saat kita sudah memperoleh sesuatu, biasanya kita tidak sadar kalau sesuatu telah terjadi; pengetahuan sudah disimpan di otak kita secara tidak sadar. Penelitian sangat mendukung cara pandang dari anak-anak dan orang dewasa secara tidak sadar dapat memperoleh penguasaan bahasa. Juga dapat diperoleh secara lisan dan tertulis. Penguasaan kadang berhubungan dengan "mengambil" sebuah bahasa saat seseorang berkata, "Saya sedang berada di Prancis untuk sementara, dan mengambil atau mempelajari beberapa bahasa Prancis." itu berarti dia membutuhkan bahasa itu (bahasa Prancis). Pembelajaran bahasa adalah proses yang dilakukan secara sadar. Saat kita sedang mempelajarinya, kita tahu kita sedang mempelajari dan mencoba untuk belajar. Pembelajaran bahasa adalah apabyang kita lakukan di sekolah; dalam bahasa sehari-hari, saat kita berbicara tentang "peraturan" dan "tata bahasa" kita sedang membicarakan "pembelajaran". Kesalahan koreksi harus membantu proses pembelajaran. Saat kita membuat suatu kesalahan dan semuanya dibenarkan, kita harus mengubah peraturan versi sadar kita. Jika seorang pelajar berkata, "Saya datang ke sekolah setiap hari," dan sang guru merespon dengan, "bukan, harusnya 'Saya datang ke sekolah' " pelajar harus menyadari huruf -s tidak digunakan pada orang bentuk pertama pada kata kerja. Hipotesa Perintah Dasar Kita memperoleh (bukan belajar) bagian-bagian sebuah bahasa dalam perintah yang bisa diprediksi. Beberapa bentuk grammatikal, contohnya, semua diperoleh lebih dulu saat yang lain dibutuhkan

Article

Illegal loggers get traditional punishment

Three residents caught felling trees illegally in the Lore Lindu National Park (TNLL) in Central Sulawesi have received customary penalties after being found guilty of infringing on a conservation area within the national park.

Head of TNLL conservation, Ahmad Yani, did not disclose the identities of the suspects when contacted by The Jakarta Post in Palu recently.

He said only that the three residents faced a customary trial led by the Lepe village elder MS Mentara and five other members of the customary council M. Mbalea, HM Mentara, Y. Tobili, TM Kappi and M. Bago.

“This was the first such trial to occur in Central Sulawesi, in which the suspects were brought for trial before the customary council. They were found guilty and will be punished according to customary sanctions,” said Yani.

The customary council ordered the three residents to each pay Rp 150,000 (US$12.23) to reimburse the cost of the trial, and an additional fine of Rp 500,000.

They are also required to replace the trees that they felled. “They must replant trees at the same location and look after the trees until they are mature,” said Yani.

The sanctions, added Yani, were regarded the most lenient because based on local customary law, the most severe sanction against those who commit improper acts, including disturbing protected forests, was a fine in the form of a buffalo.

Up until now, said Yani, residents involved in illegal logging and forestry product theft in TNLL had been brought before regular courts. However, the forest destruction case in Lepe village was arbitrated through the traditional law, which is more effective because, besides costs, those who are convicted face the burden of being humiliated.

He added that the three Lepe villagers felled the trees for their housing material needs, but they had taken the timber from inside a protected forest.

Yani said that although they had only felled 10 trees they were located inside the national park. Those who committed such offenses would face punishment irrespective of the amount of damage or who they were, he added.

He said he hoped the incident would serve as a deterrent for the men themselves and also other residents not to commit such acts.

Analysis :

1.      . . . Ahmad Yani, did not disclose the identities of the suspects when contacted by The Jakarta Post in Palu recently. . .

The sentence is passive sentence because there is be followed by verb 3 (contacted) that shows it is passive sentence.

2.      . . . “This was the first such trial to occur in Central Sulawesi, in which the suspects were brought for trial before the customary council. They were found guilty and will be punished according to customary sanctions,” said Yani. . .

The sentance is dirrect sentance because before the sentance there is sign like this ” that shows it is dirrect sentance.

3.      . . . Yani said that although they had only felled 10 trees they were located inside the national park. Those who committed such offenses would face punishment irrespective of the amount of damage or who they were, he added. . .

The sentence is indirect sentence because don’t sign like this “ in this sentence

Conditional Sentences

Conditional Sentences

Conditional Sentences

In grammar, conditional sentences are sentences discussing factual implications orhypothetical situations and their consequences. Languages use a variety of conditional constructions and verb forms (such as the conditional mood) to form these kinds of sentences.
conditional sentence is a compound sentence that indicates that an event will occur or a job will be done if the requirements are met. there are three forms of conditional sentences:

1. Type 1 : He will come if you invite him

This conditional form used to express supposition of something that will happen and may still occur if the conditions mentioned in the adverb clause met. Conditional Sentences Type I refer to the future. An action in the future will only happen if a certain condition is fulfilled by that time. We don’t know for sure whether the condition actually will be fulfilled or not, but the conditions seems rather realistic – so we think it is likely to happen.
formula for the formation of these types of conditional sentences:
Main clause (present future) + if + adverb clause (present)
become
if + Simple Present, will-Future
Example:
I will do it if I have time.
He will buy the shirt if he has the money.
if the above formula is reversed comma is needed to separate the two clauses.
Example:
If I have time, I will do it.
If he has the money, he will buy the shirt.
as well as “will” and “shall”, can be used to help other verbs that indicate future like “be going to”, “can” and “may”.
Example:
I may go out tonight if it doesn’t rain.
I am going to attend the party if mom allows me to go.
You can leave if you want to.
if the conjunction “when” used paper that means the conditions specified in the adverb clause must occur, so the adverb clause shows when it will happen.
Example:
We will get there when the sun sets.
They will get rest when they get here.
Note:
Condition refers to:
IF Clause
Main Clause
future action
Simple Present
If the book is interesting, …
Future I
…I will buy it.
Imperative
…buy it.
Modal Auxiliary
…you can buy it.
action going on now
Present Progressive
If he is snoring, …
Future I
…I will wake him up.
Imperative
…wake him up.
Modal Auxiliary
…you can wake him up.
finished action
Present Perfect
If he has moved into his new flat, …
Future I
…we will visit him.
Imperative
…visit him.
Modal Auxiliary
…we can visit him.
improbable action
should + Infinitive
If she should win this race, …
Future I
…I will congratulate her.
Imperative
…congratulate her.
Modal Auxiliary
…we can congratulate her.
present facts
Simple Present
If he gets what he wants, …
Simple Present
…he is very nice.

2. Type 2 : He would come if yu invited him

This conditional form used to express supposition of something that now no longer be possible to change but if the conditions mentioned in the adverb clause is fulfilled before going to the opposite of what happened today.
formula for the formation of these types of conditional sentences:
if + Simple Past, main clause with Conditional I ( would + Infinitive)
become
Main clause (past future) + if + adverb clause (past)
Example:
I would do it if I had time.
He would buy the shirt if he had the money.
If the above formula is reversed comma is needed to separate the two clauses.
Example:
If I had time, I would do it.
If hehad the money, he would buy the shirt.
Other than “would” and “should” we could use another helping verbs such as “be going to”, “could” and “might” in this form.
Example:
I might go out tonight if it didn’t rain.
I was going to attend the party if mom allowed me to go.
You could leave if you wanted to.
To be used in the past that this type of conditional sentence is “were” for all subjects in the adverb clause.
Example:
If I were you, I would help her.
If he were rich, he would go around the world.
Note:
Condition refers to:
IF Clause
Main Clause
present / future event
Simple Past
If I had a lot of money, …
Conditional I
…I would travel around the world.
consequence in the past
Simple Past
If I knew him, …
Conditional II
…I would have said hello.

3. Type 3 : He would have come if you had invited him

This conditional form used to express supposition of something that happened in the past that no longer will be changed but if if the conditions mentioned in the adverb clause is satisfied that occurred prior to sebalinya from the fact that at the time.
Conditional Sentences Type III refer to situations in the past. An action could have happened in the past if a certain condition had been fulfilled. Things were different then, however. We just imagine, what would have happened if the situation had been fulfilled.
formula for the formation of these types of conditional sentences:
main clause (past perfect future) + if + aderb clause (past perfect
become
If + adverb clause (past prefect) + main clause (past perfect future)
Example:
I would have done it if I had time.
He would have bought the shirt if he had had the money.
If the above formula is reversed comma is needed to separate the two clauses.
Example:
If I had had time, I would have done it.
If I had met her, I would have told her about it.
other than ‘would’ and ’should’ we can use a verb other aids such as ‘could’ and ‘might’ in this form of conditional sentence.
Example:
I might have gone out if you hadn’t arrived in time.
They could haf left the house if hadn’t called them.
Note:
Condition refers to:
IF Clause
Main Clause
present
Past Perfect
If I had known it, …
Conditional I
…I would not be here now.
past
Past Perfect
If he had learned for the test, …
Conditional II
…he would not have failed it.
Exercise
Look at the following sentences and identify what type of conditional sentences they belong to. If the answer is type 2 and type 3, giving his fact.
If we didn’t fetch her, Gerry wouldn’t go with us.
If the bus hadn’t been late, I would have been here on time.
If you didn’t agree with him, I wouldn’t ask you to work together.
If she starts the work now, she will finish it tomorrow.
If he had had something to eat, he wouldn’t have stolen the money.
If both parties agree, we will sign the contract.
If I didn’t see it with my own eyes, I wouldn’t believe it.
If no more guess come, there will be enough food for everyone.
If you hadn’t brought up the matter first, I wouldn’t have said anything.
10. If he had studied hard, he would have passed the exams.
Answer
Type 2
Fact: We picked him up, so Gerry would go with us
Type 3
Fact: the bus was late so I was not here on time
Type 2
Fact: You agree with him, so I’ll ask you to work together
Type 1
Type 3
Fact: He did not have anything to eat, then he will steal money
Type 1
Type 2
Fact: I believe, because I saw with my own eyes
Type 1
Type 3
Fact: You bring to the first issue, so I’ll say nothing
10. Type 3
Fact: he did not pass the exam because he did not work hard

http://fahzie.blogspot.com/2009/11/artikel-tentang-conditional-sentences.html

KODE ETIK AJI (ALIANSI JURNALIS INDEPENDEN)

KODE ETIK AJI
(ALIANSI JURNALIS INDEPENDEN)

1. Jurnalis menghormati hak masyarakat untuk memperoleh informasi yang benar.

2. Jurnalis senantiasa mempertahankan prinsip-prinsip kebebasan dan keberimbangan dalam peliputan dan pemberitaan serta kritik dan komentar.

3. Jurnalis memberi tempat bagi pihak yang kurang memiliki daya dan kesempatan untuk menyuarakan pendapatnya.

4. Jurnalis hanya melaporkan fakta dan pendapat yang jelas sumbernya.

5. Jurnalis tidak menyembunyikan informasi penting yang perlu diketahui masyarakat.

6. Jurnalis menggunakan cara-cara yang etis untuk memperoleh berita, foto dan dokumen.

7. Jurnalis menghormati hak nara sumber untuk memberi informasi latar belakang, off the record, dan embargo.

8. Jurnalis segera meralat setiap pemberitaan yang diketahuinya tidak akurat.

9. Jurnalis menjaga kerahasiaan sumber informasi konfidensial, identitas korban kejahatan seksual, dan pelaku tindak pidana di bawah umur.

10. Jurnalis menghindari kebencian, prasangka, sikap merendahkan, diskriminasi, dalam masalah suku, ras, bangsa, politik, cacat/sakit jasmani, cacat/sakit mental atau latar belakang sosial lainnya.

11. Jurnalis menghormati privasi, kecuali hal-hal itu bisa merugikan masyarakat.

12. Jurnalis tidak menyajikan berita dengan mengumbar kecabulan, kekejaman kekerasan fisik dan seksual.

13. Jurnalis tidak memanfaatkan posisi dan informasi yang dimilikinya untuk mencari keuntungan pribadi.

14. Jurnalis tidak dibenarkan menerima sogokan.
Catatan: yang dimaksud dengan sogokan adalah semua bentuk pemberian berupa uang, barang dan atau fasilitas lain, yang secara langsung atau tidak langsung, dapat mempengaruhi jurnalis dalam membuat kerja jurnalistik.

15. Jurnalis tidak dibenarkan menjiplak.

16. Jurnalis menghindari fitnah dan pencemaran nama baik.

17. Jurnalis menghindari setiap campur tangan pihak-pihak lain yang menghambat pelaksanaan prinsip-prinsip di atas.

18. Kasus-kasus yang berhubungan dengan kode etik akan diselesaikan oleh Majelis Kode Etik.

http://www.asiamaya.com/undang-undang/uu_pers/kode_etik_aji.htm